Bonding Curve

Qurve uses a constant-product curve (x · y = k) with virtual reserves — the same primitive popularized by other launchpads, but portable across chains.

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Constants

Set at launch, immutable after:

Constant	Value	Meaning
virtualTokenReserve	1,073,000,000	Initial virtual token supply
tokensForSale	800,000,000 (80%)	Tokens sold on the curve
tokensForLiquidity	200,000,000 (20%)	Reserved for Uniswap V3 LP
totalSupply	1,000,000,000	Total ERC-20 supply
virtualNativeReserve	derived from target	Initial virtual native balance

The target graduation you pick determines virtualNativeReserve.

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Formula

Given a target native amount T (e.g. 4.2 ETH):

ratio = virtualTokenReserve / (virtualTokenReserve - tokensForSale)
      = 1,073,000,000 / 273,000,000
      ≈ 3.9304

virtualNativeReserve = T / (ratio - 1)
                     = T / 2.9304

For T = 4.2 ETH:

• virtualNativeReserve ≈ 1.4334 ETH
• graduationThreshold ≈ 4.2 ETH (by construction)

The graduation threshold (real native raised at graduation) is:

k = virtualTokenReserve × virtualNativeReserve
t_at_sellout = virtualTokenReserve - tokensForSale = 273,000,000

threshold = k / t_at_sellout - virtualNativeReserve

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Price Function

At any point, with tokensSold tokens bought:

tokenReserve(t)  = virtualTokenReserve - tokensSold
nativeReserve(t) = virtualNativeReserve + realNativeReserve
price(t)         = nativeReserve(t) / tokenReserve(t)

realNativeReserve is tracked separately because the virtual reserve stays fixed — it's notional liquidity, not real.

Initial & Final Price

initialPrice = virtualNativeReserve / virtualTokenReserve
finalPrice   = nativeAtSellout / tokensForSale

For T = 4.2 ETH:

	Value
initialPrice	≈ 0.0000000013 ETH per token
finalPrice	≈ 0.00000115 ETH per token
Multiplier	≈ 855×

Lower targets → higher multipliers (cheaper start). Higher targets → lower multipliers.

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Buy Quote

Given native input Δx (after fee):

newNativeReserve = nativeReserve + Δx
newTokenReserve  = k / newNativeReserve
tokensOut        = tokenReserve - newTokenReserve

Fee handling

fee            = Δx × 2% (200 bps)
nativeAfterFee = Δx - fee
tokensOut      = quoteBuy(nativeAfterFee)

Clamping

If tokensOut > remainingTokensForSale, the output is clamped and the excess native is refunded. In practice the curve hits sellout exactly at graduation, so this rarely triggers.

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Sell Quote

Given token input Δy:

newTokenReserve  = tokenReserve + Δy
newNativeReserve = k / newTokenReserve
nativeOut        = nativeReserve - newNativeReserve

Fee handling

fee            = nativeOut × 2% (200 bps)
nativeAfterFee = nativeOut - fee

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Fee Split

Every trade pays 2% total:

Share	BPS	Destination
Platform	100	Qurve treasury
Flex	100	Creator OR holder pool (per reward mode)

Flex fee routing:

• CREATOR mode: accrues to pendingCreatorClaim. Creator calls claimCreatorFees() anytime.
• HOLDERS mode: accrues to pendingHolderPool. At graduation, swept to the new HolderRewardsDistributor in one lump sum.

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Graduation Trigger

realNativeReserve >= graduationThreshold
OR
tokensSold >= tokensForSale

Once triggered:

1. graduated = true
2. Migration becomes callable by anyone (permissionless)
3. realNativeReserve + tokensForLiquidity → Uniswap V3 pool
4. LP NFT minted → transferred to 0xdead
5. If HOLDERS mode: pendingHolderPool swept to a fresh HolderRewardsDistributor

See Graduation →.

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Interactive Example

Launch with target 4.2 ETH (Base Sepolia):

Stage	Tokens Sold	Native Reserve	Price (ETH)
Launch	0	0	0.0000000013
25%	200M	~0.24	0.0000000021
50%	400M	~0.79	0.0000000063
75%	600M	~1.86	0.0000000332
100% (graduate)	800M	4.2	0.00000115

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Presets

Recommended targets by native asset:

Native	Recommended targets
USDC (Arc)	2,500 / 5,000 / 10,000 / 20,000
ETH (Base)	2 / 4.2 / 8.5 / 15
BOT (BOT Chain)	500 / 1,000 / 2,000 / 5,000

Custom targets are allowed within a safe range — the launch form validates 0 < target ≤ 1,000,000.

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Choosing a Target

Small target (e.g. 2 ETH)

• Graduates fast
• Lower price ceiling
• Easier to reach
• Good for testing or low-expectation agents

Mid target (e.g. 4.2 ETH)

• Balanced
• Moderate price rise
• Achievable for popular agents

Large target (e.g. 15 ETH)

• Slow to graduate
• Higher price ceiling
• Signals confidence
• Risky if there's no demand

Realistic expectations

Most agents don't hit 15 ETH on a testnet. Pick a target that's ambitious but reachable for your community size. The multiplier only matters if you actually get there.

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Reading Curve State

From the API:

curl https://qurve.online/api/agents/5042002/42/price

{
  "currentPrice": "420000000000",
  "totalSold": "670000000000000000000000000",
  "reserveBalance": "2680000000000000000",
  "progress": "0.67",
  "graduated": false,
  "graduationThreshold": "4200000000000000000"
}

Directly on-chain:

const [price, sold, reserve, graduated] = await Promise.all([
  client.readContract({ address: curve, abi: AgentBondingCurveABI, functionName: "currentPrice" }),
  client.readContract({ address: curve, abi: AgentBondingCurveABI, functionName: "tokensSold" }),
  client.readContract({ address: curve, abi: AgentBondingCurveABI, functionName: "realEthReserve" }),
  client.readContract({ address: curve, abi: AgentBondingCurveABI, functionName: "graduated" }),
]);

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Next

• Reward Modes →
• Graduation →
• Trades API →