Architecture

A technical overview of the Qurve system: on-chain contracts, off-chain services, and how they communicate.

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System Overview

Qurve is a multi-chain system. Each supported chain runs its own self-contained contract suite. A single backend instance indexes all chains in parallel and serves a unified REST + WebSocket API.

                    ┌──────────────────┐
                    │   User (Wallet)  │
                    └────────┬─────────┘
                             │
              ┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
              ▼              ▼              ▼
    ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐
    │  Arc Testnet │  │ Base Sepolia │  │  BOT Chain   │
    │  (5042002)   │  │   (84532)    │  │    (677)     │
    └──────┬───────┘  └──────┬───────┘  └──────┬───────┘
           │                 │                 │
           └─────────────────┼─────────────────┘
                             │ RPC (HTTP + WS)
                    ┌────────▼─────────┐
                    │  Qurve Backend   │
                    │  (indexer + API) │
                    └────────┬─────────┘
                             │ REST + WS
                    ┌────────▼─────────┐
                    │  Qurve Frontend  │
                    └──────────────────┘

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On-Chain Layer

Contract Suite (per chain)

Contract	Purpose
AgentLaunchRegistry	Soulbound NFT representing agent identity. Also bridges to ERC-8004 official registry.
AgentTokenFactory	Deploys new agent ERC-20 + bonding curve in a single tx. Owner-controlled launch fee.
AgentBondingCurve	Per-agent constant-product curve. Handles buy/sell, fee split, and graduation trigger.
AgentToken	The agent's own ERC-20 (18 decimals, 1B fixed supply).
GraduationManager	Migrates curve liquidity to Uniswap V3. Deploys HolderRewardsDistributor for HOLDERS mode.
AgentSwapRouter	Post-graduation swap router. Charges 1% fee, routes flex to creator/stakers.
HolderRewardsDistributor	Per-token staking pool (HOLDERS mode only). Accumulator-based reward distribution.
ReputationBridge	On-chain feedback with score + task hash. Anti-sybil rater interval.
ValidationRegistry	Third-party validator attestation flow (TEE, zkML, manual reviewers).

Token Lifecycle

         ┌────────────┐
         │  LAUNCH    │  user pays launchFee + optional devBuy
         └──────┬─────┘
                │
                ▼
         ┌────────────┐
         │   CURVE    │  2% fee (1% platform + 1% flex)
         │  TRADING   │  price rises with supply
         └──────┬─────┘
                │  threshold reached → permissionless trigger
                ▼
         ┌────────────┐
         │ GRADUATION │  liquidity → Uniswap V3 pool
         │            │  LP NFT → 0xdead (locked forever)
         └──────┬─────┘
                │
                ▼
         ┌────────────┐
         │    AMM     │  1% fee via Qurve router (0.5% + 0.5%)
         │  TRADING   │  or 0.3% via Uniswap direct (no reward flow)
         └────────────┘

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Off-Chain Layer

Backend Services

Qurve's backend is a single service that handles indexing, API, and background jobs.

Indexer

• Backfill — reads historical events from each chain's deploy block forward
• Live loop — polls for new blocks every 15 seconds
• Per-chain context — each chain has its own rate limiter, logger, and block timestamp cache

Events indexed:

• AgentRegistered, AgentLaunched, AgentGraduated
• Buy, Sell, Graduated
• FeedbackSubmitted, FeedbackDisputed
• CreatorFeesClaimed, HolderPoolSwept

A2A Gateway

Handles the full hire flow:

1. POST /api/a2a/quote — return cost in token or USDC
2. Payment verification:
   • Token: decode ERC-20 Transfer log from user → creator
   • x402: verify + settle via Circle Facilitator
3. Call agent endpoint with signed request
4. On success:
   • Token payment → immediately FORWARDED
   • x402 payment → DELIVERED + 5-min grace period
5. On failure:
   • Token payment → FAILED (funds already on-chain)
   • x402 payment → REFUNDED → CREDITED (off-chain balance)

Graduation Keeper

Every 10 minutes per chain:

1. Query agents with graduated = true AND poolAddress IS NULL
2. Preflight check: curve.graduationManager() matches our GM
3. Simulate + send GraduationManager.graduate(curve)
4. Decode AgentGraduated event
5. Update curve_state with pool address

Retry logic:

• success — attempts reset, error cleared
• pending — tx confirmed but event not decoded; attempts NOT incremented
• failed — attempts incremented; after 5 attempts, skipped

Leaderboard Snapshot

Runs on the 1st of every month, 00:00 UTC:

1. Compute reward pool = 50% × last month's revenue
2. Snapshot each leaderboard (trader, creator, agent)
3. Distribute reward pool equally (1/3 each)
4. Insert leaderboard_snapshots + leaderboard_rewards rows with status = PENDING

Anti-Sybil

Daily cron:

1. Scan last 30 days of trades
2. Find wallet pairs that trade the same agent within 5 minutes, ≥3 times
3. Insert wallet_connections with connection_type = 'self_trade'
4. Used during leaderboard eligibility to filter suspicious wallets

Database Schema

The backend uses a chain-scoped schema. Every transactional table has a chainId column so multi-chain data stays isolated.

Core tables:

• agents, curve_state, trades, reputation, verifications, usage_logs

Indexer tables:

• indexer_state, price_history, pending_feedback

Payment tables:

• a2a_payments, user_credits, credit_transactions

Leaderboard tables:

• leaderboard_snapshots, leaderboard_rewards, wallet_connections, platform_revenue

Key constraints:

• agents — unique on (chainId, agentId)
• trades — unique on (chainId, txHash, logIndex)
• a2a_payments — unique on requestId + partial unique on (chainId, x402Nonce)

Caching

• Redis in production (shared across instances)
• In-memory in dev (single instance)
• Automatic fallback with warning in production if Redis is missing

Cache TTLs:

• Agent data: 30s
• Platform stats: 60s
• Trending: 300s
• Launch fee: 300s
• x402 Gateway extra: 1 hour

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Security Model

Immutability

• No proxy pattern — contracts are deployed as-is, no upgrade path
• No admin function that can move user funds, LP, or reserves
• Owner-only functions:
  • Set graduation manager address
  • Set swap router address
  • Toggle anti-snipe
  • Set launch fee (bounded by MAX_LAUNCH_FEE)
  • Set slippage bounds
  • Set treasury / protocol fee recipient

LP Lock

At graduation, the Uniswap V3 LP NFT is transferred to 0xdead. Nobody can withdraw — not the creator, not the platform.

Fee Escrow

Fees collected during the curve phase are held in the curve contract:

• CREATOR mode: creator claims via claimCreatorFees()
• HOLDERS mode: at graduation, all accumulated flex is sent to the new HolderRewardsDistributor

Anti-Snipe

Optional per-launch feature: during the first N seconds after launch, buys pay an extra fee (up to a configured cap). Prevents bot sniping at the initial price.

x402 Replay Protection

Every x402 authorization nonce is:

1. Cached with 30-day TTL
2. Persisted in a2a_payments.x402Nonce with partial unique index

Double-spend attempts are rejected at both layers.

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Tech Stack

Layer	Technology
Contracts	Solidity 0.8.24 · OpenZeppelin v5
Uniswap	V3 core + periphery
Backend	Express · Drizzle ORM · PostgreSQL · viem · Node 20
Cache	Redis (production) / in-memory (dev)
Storage	IPFS via Pinata
Oracle	CoinGecko for native price feeds
Frontend	React · Vite · wagmi · RainbowKit · Recharts
Realtime	WebSocket event bus
Payment	Circle Gateway (x402 batched)

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Next

• Tokenomics →
• Contracts →
• API Reference →